Underwater signaling device



June Z4, i952 c. F. BowERsET-r UNDERWATER SIGNALING DEVICE Filed Jan. 50, 1948 um l f www/WMV? S w. .w 2 m M w W M E@ 1@ lo 86 2l 87 6783 82 7| 74 7a 5| 54585g653 Patented June 24, 1952 u im STT f S 7F' Claims;

This inventionrelatesto asignaling device'l and more particularly to an-und'erwater signalingdevice adapted t'obe' dropped` from an aircraftl in distress'or l'aunchedfromfaflife raftinto anbody of- Water,. in which meanscontrolled-by hydrostatic pressurev is adaptedtoA rean explosive charge disposed Within.- the. signalingK device lwhen the device sinks to a predetermined1 depth:` of submergence Within a body ofwater.` n*

In accordance'with the presentinvention the underwater signalingj device'- isconstructed and arranged tobe iired hydrostatically.- at a.- preselected depth whenV launchedin albody ofwater asl an indication ofafpar-ty indistress whereby the sound-.of the explosion` therefromj vv-illr travel along a sound channel gaf-substantially predeter-` mined depth Within.1 thef bodyof Water. The sound signal may` be recorded; at one or more listening stations located either` in` the`4 vicinity of theVV aforesaid explosion or far remote therefrom, aslthe case maybe; Thesound--signalactuatesthe listening devices-associated with,l the receiving station in successive order thereby to indicate the approximate locationffrom whence theV` signal emanated;s whereupon1 assistance may be sent to the partyin` distressfWith-aminimuin of delay after the'initiationfofthesignali- More specically, the devicaofY the `preser-ltsinventioncomprises af pluralityof: -rangible discs; any one.` ofV whichE may' be selected` fon rupture in response to hydrostaticpressurethe selected disc being ruptured in tresponsetovthe pressurefof the surrounding Water` as the signalingdevice sinks to they selecteddepththerein thereby: to actuate a hydrostatically controlled ring device and initiate explosionvof.`v the explosive-chargemrangedA Within the signalingV device.l` Theseleetion of the-ldisc to berupturedby the/aforesaid pressure is accomplished-by actuation-of-aselector device rotatably: and threadedlyY supported Within-the signalingfdevice and-adapted tofpierce and rupture-the disc-orr discsprecedingsthefselected disc as the selector device is rotated-toa predetermined settingfcorre spending toa'desired depthoisubmersion at Which-- the device isr to be exploded..v For. maximurnrange of signaling transmission, f the selected-depth pf the explosion of the device: preferably vvillA be the depth at which the velocity of sound Withinithe bo'dyfof` Water-is at afminimumf- One of the objectsof.t the present-1 invention vis the provision of-an underwater signaling device inwhich new andimproved meanswarerprovided for selectingy priorL` to launching. thei depth:k ofsubmergence at which the device is adapted to function whereby the xplosivecliargie Within the devicefis adaptedl to be redlyk a pressure' controlled firing" device when the device sinks to the selected'depth.

Another object of the presenti invention' is' the provision of` a nevv and improved underwater signaling device adapted t'o be launched' into a body of` Water in' which arming" th'ereof is controlled by hydrostatic pressure and the" arming willnot occur untilthe device sinks-to a' predetermined depth of submegnce within' a` body' of vvater.

Still other objects,V advantages andT improvementsvvill be apparentv frein tlieffollowin'g description taken in connection with the accompanyingfdravvings", of"wlich n Fig.-V lis an elevationalvew of the signaling device o i the present'inventiox;

Fig. -2I is an enlarged fr'agmeritaryelevational viev ofthe-'device -ofFig-L 1`;v

Fig'.V 3V is a central longitudinal; sectional view takenl on the line 3---3KA of Fig. 2'; and

y l'lig.` 4 is an enlarged detail sectional' View taken on the line 4-4`of`Fig'. 3.

Referringnow to'thedrawing for amore complete understanding. ofthe invention and? more particularly to Fig. 1- thereof, there is shown thereon the signaling' deviceavofy thev present invention,V generally indicated by the reference character I`0;- Y

The' device IIIJ comprises anv elongated tube- I I having. disposed therein@ an explosive charge- I 2; Fig1v3.; Asshown' clearlyA on-Fi g.- 3 thetube I I has-welded on oneend thereof asY at I3 a cup shaped` member generallyindicated byy the numeral I4- and comprises an annular ange I5 and acentrallydisposed depression I E; the l'flange having. threaded4 engagement with an adaptor I l. SecuredK tor the adaptor' inany suitable manner but preferably as by threaded'engagement-therewith is: aV casing` I9, the `cas-ing. having.' threaded engagement w-ith aheadl generally indicatedby the referencefcharacter 2fI l The head2 I is`-provide`d with a'v'transverse--bore 22: having tl'ireaded'L therein as at 23 af-sleeve-'Z-; thefsl-eeve being.' adapted to' extendv a predetermined-amount into the"bore,-fFig: l3, and rotatably supporty au selecting; memberl generally indicated by the' numeral 25. The actuating. orselecting member ismaintained Within`the sleeve-- 2liv by aeshoulder 26 formed' on one-endethereol"V and havingabutting. engagement with respect`r to a shoulder`- formedon the sleeve,-thecther end of the actuatingf? mem-beigbeing in' 2`abutting-` engage'e ment with a disc 21 secured to the sleeve in any suitable manner and thus the actuating member is rotatably supported within the sleeve.

The actuating member is provided with a centrally disposed multi-threaded bore 28 extending therethrough having disposed therein a stabber generally indicated by the numeral 29 and comprising an enlarged threaded portion 3| having threaded engagement with the bore 28. Integrally formed on the portion 3| is a shaft 32 of reduced diameter having a pair of diametrically disposed flattened portions formed thereon, the shaft extending through an opening 33 formed in the disc 21, Fig. 3 and terminating in a pointed end portion 34, the purpose of which will be more fully described as the description proceeds. It will be understood, that upon rotation of the actuating member 25, slideable or axial movement is imparted to the stabber 29 for the reason that rotation of the stabber is prevented by the flattened portions on the shaft 32 being in continuous engagement with complementary flattened portion on the Walls defining the opening 33 in disc 21, Fig. 3. Theactuating member is rotated in any suitable manner but preferably by inserting a coin or suitable instrument into a slot formed in the outer end thereof and thus means are provided whereby selective rotation of the actuating member is effected at will by an operator.

Arranged within the bore 22 and maintained in spaced relation with respect to each other by spacers 35 are a plurality of frangible discs designated by the numerals 36, 31, 38, 39, 49 and 4I respectively, constructed and arranged to be ruptured selectively by different values of hydrostatic pressure as the signaling device sinks to different depths of submergence with the body of water such, for example as 4000, 3000, 2500, 2000, 1500, and 1000 feet. 'I'his may be accomplished in a variety of different ways such, for example, by constructing the discs of materials having different thicknesses or different tensile strengths, it being merely necessary to arrange the discs in progressive order with the strongest disk nearest the stabber.

The depth at which the device is adapted to function is identified by suitable markings 42 inscribed on the outer surface of the sleeve 24 Fig. 2, the actuating or selecting member 25 being provided with an indicator 43 adapted to be brought in registration with a particular one of the markings 42 on the sleeve when the actuating number has been rotated to the selected position.

The maximum depth at which the signaling device is adapted to function is 4000 feet and no adjustment of the selector, therefore, is necessary to cause the device to function at this depth, but should a lesser depth be selected such, for example, as 2500 feet, the actuating member 25 is rotated to the 2500 indication on the sleeve corresponding to the selected depth at which the device is adapted to function. As the member 25 rotates, the stabber 29 is moved inwardly whereupon the pointed end 34 thereon impinges and ruptures discs 36 and 31 and thus the disc 38 is the first to be ruptured by hydrostatic pressure when the device is set to function at a depth of 2500 feet. It will be understood, however, that when the actuating member is rotated to the selected position all of the discs preceding the disc corresponding to the selected depth are ruptured by the pointed end 34 of the stabber 29 and thus the device is set to function in response to the hydrostatic pressure required to rupture the next succeeding or selected disc when the Vcess 64 formed in one end thereof.

device sinks to the selected depth of submergence within the body of water and the selected disc is ruptured thereby. When this occurs the remaining discs are ruptured in quick succession by hydrostatic pressure and the firing mechanism is operated.

Arranged Within a transverse bore 44 formed in the casing I9 for slideable movement therein is an arming plunger generally indicated by the reference character 45 and comprising a body 45 having a bore 41 extending therethrough in which is Aarranged a detonator 48, movement of the plunger being effected by hydrostatic pressure applied thereto. Formed on one end of the body 46 is a head 49 constructed and arranged to yield in response to a predetermined amount of pressure applied to the plunger and to have normal sealing engagement with a gasket 50 disposed within the bore 44. Whereas in Fig. 3 this head is shown as a conical structure, it will be understood that the angle of this structure may be varied as desired to effect locking engagement between this plunger and the casing by reason of the gasket aforesaid or may, if desired, be reduced to such small proportions that the premature movement of the plunger from an initial safe unarmed position until the device has sunk to a predetermined depth with the Water is prevented substantially by frictional engagement of the gasket with the plunger.

Clamped between a pair of washers 5I and 52 by a plug 53 having threaded engagement with an enlarged portion 54 of bore 44 is a diaphragm 55 constructed and arranged to be ruptured by hydrostatic pressure when the signaling device sinks to a depth of approximately 750 feet within a body of water. The plug 53 has formed in one end thereof a recess 56, the inner surface of the plug adjacent the recess having abutting engagement with respect to the Washer 5I and thus a pressure chamber 51 is provided between the aforesaid parts, pressure being admitted thereto through a pair of ports 58 formed in the plug, Fig. 3.

The washer 5I has arranged therein a centrally disposed opening 59 bordering on the diaphragm 55 and thus means are provided whereby the pressure built up Within the pressure chamber 51 is concentrated onl the exposed portion of the diaphragm, the disc 52 being provided with a centrally disposed orifice 6I in alignment with the opening 59 and adapted to permit the aforesaid pressure to enter therethrough and contact the head 49 of the arming plunger with suicient force to move the plunger to an armed position when the diaphragm 55 has been ruptured in response to hydrostatic pressure. It will be understood, however, that the relatively thin Wall forming the hollow conical head 49 is constructed and arranged to yield sufficiently to permit the firing plunger to be moved to an armed position in response to the pressure admitted Within the chamber 51 as soon as this is applied thereto.

When the arming plunger 45 has been moved to an armed position the detonator 48 is brought into alignment with a lead-in charge 62 arranged within a centrally disposed bore 63 formed in the casing I9 and in communication with a re- Threaded into the recess 64 and extending into the depression I6 in the cup shaped member I4 is a container 65 having arranged therein a booster charge 66 adapted to be fired by the lead-in charge 62 when the lead-in charge has been 5 red by the detonator 48j and thus the explosive charge l2 is fired.

Arranged in a recess 6.1i formed in one end` of the head 2| is a flexible firing diaphragm 68V composed of any material suitable for the purpose such, for example, as copper, or the like. The diaphragm is clamped between a discv 69 threaded into one end of the casing I9 andi a shoulder 1| formed onY the head 2|, Fig. 3. By the aforesaid construction and arrangement a pressure chamber l2 is disposed between the diaphragm 68 and the end wall 13 of the head.

TheA disc 69 is provided.k with. a centrally arranged bore 14 extending therethrough. Disposed within the bore 'Hll and restrained therein by-a shear pin 15 isL aring pin 1.6, one end'. portion of the firing pin terminating a. predeterfmined distance. beyond the. disc 69 and in. substantial engagementwith the. diaphragm 68;, the other end being slideably, arranged! within the boreld and a well 11 formedin the casingA IS.

rlhe firing pin 15 comprisesa body. 'I8 having a striker 19 integrally formed thereon. and slidably arranged within a bore 8| incommunicationwith the well 11 and the transverse bore. 41|A in. the casing IS whereby means are provided. to permit the striker to be moved into. firing. engagement with the detonator when the ringpinis moved tofa released position by the diaphragm 68. Ar. ran-ged in a recess 82 formedin one end ofthe body 18 of the ring pin is a spring.l 83., onel end thereof in abutting engagement with the diaphragm 68 and the other end beingv in abutting engagement with the bottom Wall defining the recess 82 in the body 18. Arranged within the actuating member is alpair of inlet ports 84 extending into a circular recessllwhereby communication is invariably established between the inlet ports and the openings formedin disc 21 regardless of the instant setting of. theselector 25.

The bore 22 in head 2| Within. which the actuating member 25. is disposed, terminates in awell 86 and communication betweenthe well and chamber 12 is established by a.v duct` 8.1 and thus means are provided whereby hydrostatic pressure is adapted to be admitted into the chamber 72.

Each spacer 35 is providedwithY a, centrally disposed opening or port. 89, Fig. 3 the central portion of each of the aioresaidfrangible. discs respectively bordering thereon and sealing the opening therein. By this arrangement the pressure of the surrounding, whenA the device is launched therein is concentratedrst onthe disc corresponding to the depth of submergence at which the device is adapted to function whenthe actuating member 25Vhas been rotated to the selected position.

It will be understood, however, whenthe device is launchedwithin a body of water and sinks to the selected depth therein the disc corresponding to the selected depth setting isruptured in response to the pressure of the surrounding water whereupon the aforesaid pressure will rupture the remaining discs, if any; and enter. chamber I2 by way of ports 34, openings 85 and ports89', well 86, duct S1 and thence to chamber 121 When this occurs the. firing pin |6 is moved toward the detonator 4B by the diaphragm' (i8V as the diaphragm is moved in response to the aforesaid pressure within the chamber '|2i.

The movement ofthe firing pin by` the diaphragm E8 is suflicient tocausethershear pin T5 to be severed whereupon the firing pin is urged inwardly by the. spring 831 and the striker T9 thereon is driven into the detonator lio with sufficient force tov cause ring thereof, When this occurs the lead-in charge 62' is fired by the detonator which in turn fires the booster charge 66, and concurrently therewith res theY explosive charge 2.

Briefly stated in summary, the present invention comprises the provision of a` new and irnproved explosive device in which a plurality of frangible discs rupturable at different depths of submersion within the water are employed, any one of which discs may be selected for rupture at a predetermined` hydrostatic pressure applied thereto prior to launching, of the device within a body of Water, such selection corresponding to the depth of submersion at which the device is to be fired, the selection being accomplished by the rotation of the selecting device to a selected setting whereupon the discor discs preceding the selected disc is ruptured bya stabber slideably arranged within the selectin-g device and adapted to be moved into engagement with and rupture the aforesaid preceding disc or discs as the selecting device is rotated to the selected position and in which means controlled by hydrostatic pressure is adapted to arm the device prior to rupture of the selected disc, and in which a normally locked firing pin'is released and forced into ring engagement with a detonator immediatelyA following the severence of a shear pin in response to the pressure exerted thereon, the pressure being'applied thereto by'movement of a hydrostatically controlled device into engagement With the firing pin when the signaling device sinks to the selectedY depth and the selected disc is ruptured.

While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred example thereof which gives satisfactory results, it will .be obvious to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, after understanding the invention, that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and itis intended therefore, in the appended calms, to cover all such changes and modifications that come within the scope and terms of the appended claims.

The invention herein described and' claimed may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United AStates of America for governmental purposes without paymentof any royalties thereon or therefor.

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A signaling device of the class described adapted to be launched in a body of Water and comprising a casingan explosive charge disposed within said casing, means including a deformable hydrostatically actuated plunger in sealed engagement with said casing andconstructed and arranged to be deformed suddenly and'arm the signaling device in response to a predetermined hydrostatic pressure applied thereto, a` plurality of seals disposed within the casing and constructed and arranged to be ruptured in response toV diiierent values of hydrostatic pressure respectively in excessof said predetermined pressure and corresponding to different predetermined' depths of submergence of. the device for admitting said last namedpressure into the casing. a selector device rotatably supported within the casingV in alignment with said seals-for selecting vfor operationone. of said sealsinrespense to said'last'named pressure, means operatively connected to said selector device and normally spaced from said seals for rupturing the seals preceding said selected seal when said rupturing means is moved into engagement therewith by the selector device as the selector device is set to a selected setting, said selected and remaining seals being adapted to be ruptured in successive order in response to the last named pressure, an initially rigid pressure responsive device arranged within the casing and deformed suddenly in response to said last named pressure, and means including an initially locked iiring pin arranged within the casing in engagement with said pressure responsive device and unlocked by the sudden deformation thereof for ring said explosive charge as the last one of said seals is ruptured.

2. A signaling device cf the class described adapted to be launched in a body of Water and comprising a casing, an explosive charge disposed within said casing, an arming plunger releasably arranged within the casing and movable from a safe position to an armed position when released, means including an initially rigid conical head on said plunger in engagement with said casing for releasably locking the plunger to said casing in said safe position until the head has yielded suddenly in response to a predetermined hydrostatic pressure applied thereto, means on said casing in alignment with said head and in communication with the surrounding water and ruptured thereby for permitting said predetermined pressure to be applied to the head, a plurality of inlet ports disposed within the casing for admitting hydrostatic pressure into the casing, a plurality of frangble discs respectively secured within said ports and ruptured in response to different values of hydrostatic pressure respectively corresponding to different depths of submergence, means including a selector device rotatably supported within the casing coaxially with said discs and settable at will to diierent settings for selecting for operation one of said discs as the selector device is moved to a selected setting, a pin operatively connected to said selector device and slideably arranged therein in alignment with and normally spaced from said discs for rupturing the discs preceding the selected disc when the pin is moved into engagement therewith by the selector device in response to movement thereof to said selected setting, said selected and remaining discs being adapted to be ruptured in successive order in response to pressure of the surrounding water in excess of said first named pressure, a preformed pressure responsive device disposed within the casing and constructed and arranged to be deformed suddenly by the pressure within the casing, and means including a ring device arranged Within the casing for firing said explosive charge in response to said deformaion of the pressure responsive device.

3. A signaling device of the class described adapted to be launched in a body of water and comprising a casing, an explosive charge disposed Within said casing, an arming plunger slideably disposed within the casing constructed and arranged to be moved from a safe position to an armed position by hydrostatic pressure, an initially rigid head on said plunger in sealing engagement with said casing for releasably locking the plunger to said casing in said'safe position and constructed and arranged to yield and release the plunger in response to said hydrostatic pressure applied thereto whereby the plunger is moved to said armed position bysaid pressu-re on the head,`means including a frangble disc arranged within the casing in alignment with said head and arranged to be ruptured by the pressure of the surrounding water for admitting said pressure to said head when the disc is ruptured, a plurality of normally sealed' frangble ports arranged within the casing, an actuating member rotatably supported within the casing in alignment with said frangble ports and settable at will to different settings and movable to a selected setting, a pin having threaded engagement withV said actuating member and normally spaced from said sealed ports for movement axially by said actuating member suiciently to engage and unseal the ports preceding the selected port as the actuating member is moved to said selected setting, said selected and remaining sealed ports being ruptured in successive order in response to pressure of the surrounding water in excess of said rst named pressure for admitting said excess pressure into the interior of the casing, a detonator arranged within the arming plunger, means including a metallic preformed pressure responsive device deformed suddenly in response to said pressure Within the casing for liring said detonator when the last one of said ports is ruptured, and means iired by said detonator for iiring said explosive charge.

4. A signaling device of the class described adapted to be launched in a body of Water and comprising a casing, an explosive charge disposed within the casing, a hydrostatically actuated arming plunger releasably arranged within the casing constructed and arranged to be moved from a safe position to an armed position, means including an initially rigid conical head on said plunger for normally locking the plunger in saidA safe position and constructed and arranged to yield and release the plunger in response to a predetermined hydrostatic pressure applied thereto whereby the plunger is moved to said armed position by said pressure on the head, a frangble device in communication with the surrounding water and ruptured thereby for permitting said predetermined pressure to be applied to the plunger, a plurality of normally sealed frangble ports arranged in serial order within the casing, a selector device rotatably supported within the casing and settable at will to Vdifferent settings, means slideably arranged within said selector device for unsealing the ports preceding the selected port as the selector device is moved to a selected setting, said selected and remaining sealed ports being ruptured in successive order in response to pressure of the surrounding water in excess of said iirst named pressure for admitting said excess pressure into the interior of the casing, and means including an initially rigid preformed pressure responsive diaphragm arranged Within the casing in sealed relation therewith and deformed in response to the pressure within the casing for firing said explosive charge when the last one of said ports has been ruptured.

5. A signaling device of the class described adapted to be launched in a body of water and comprising a casing, an explosive charge disposed within said casing, a hydrostatically actuated arming plunger slideably and releasably disposed Within the casing, a preformed head on said plunger in locking engagement with said casing for maintaining the plunger in a safe position and constructed and arranged to be deformed suiiciently in response to hydrostatic pressure applied thereto for unlocking the head from saidcasing, means including a rupturable diaphragm for admitting said pressure into engagement with said preformed head when the diaphragm is ruptured in response to the pressure of the surrounding water, a plurality of ports arranged in serial order within the casing, means including a plurality of frangible discs respectively disposed Within said ports and sealed to the casing and ruptured in response to different values of hydrostatic pressure respectively corresponding to different depths of submergence of the device, a sleeve rotatably supported within the casing and settable at will to different settings for selecting for operation one of said discs, means slideably arranged within said sleeve and controlled thereby for rupturing the discs preceding the selected disc as the actuating member is rotated to a selected setting, said selected and remaining discs being adapted to be ruptured in response to pressure of the surrounding water in excess of said first named pressure for admitting said excess pressure into the interior of the casing, a detonator arranged Within said arming member, a ring pin releasably supported within the casing, a preformed pressure responsive device constructed and arranged to be deformed suddenly by said pressure Within the casing sufficiently to release and forcibly move said firing pin into firing engagement with said detonator when the last one of said discs is ruptured, and means fired by said detonator for firing said explosive charge.

6. A signaling device of the class described adapted to be launched in a body of water and comprising a casing, an explosive charge arranged Within said casing, an arming plunger slideably and releasably disposed Within the casing constructed and arranged to be moved by hydrostatic pressure from a safe position to an armed position, a conical portion on the arming plunger for normally maintaining the plunger in said safe position and constructed and arranged to yield and release the plunger as said hydrostatic pressure is applied to said conical portion whereby the plunger is moved to said armed position by said pressure, means including a frangible disc for admitting said pressure into engagement with said conical portion when the disc is ruptured in response to the pressure, a plurality of normally sealed ports arranged in serial order within the casing, a plurality of frangible discs secured to the casing for respectively sealing said ports and adapted to be ruptured in response to different values of hydrostatic pressure respectively corresponding to different depths of submergence of the device, an actuating member rotatably supported Within the casing and settable at will to different settings for selecting for operation one of said discs, a stabber arranged Within said actuating member and controlled thereby for rupturing the discs preceding the selected disc as the actuating member is moved to a selected setting. said selected and remaining discs being adapted to be ruptured in successive order in response to pressure of the surrounding Water for unsealing the remaining ports and admitting said excess pressure into the interior of the casing as the last one of the discs is ruptured, a detonator arranged within the arming member, means including an initially rigid pressure responsive device constructed and arranged to be deformed suddenly in response to said pressure within the casing for firing said detonator. and means red by said detonator for firing said explosive charge.

7. A signaling device of the class described adapted to be launched in a body of water comprising a casing, a plurality of frangible discs respectively adapted to be ruptured at different values of hydrostatic pressure applied thereto. means for sealing said discs to the casing in serial order in predetermined spaced relation With respect to each other, the disc having the greatest resistance to rupture being arranged outermost and each succeeding disc having lesser resistance to rupture than the preceding disc, said sealing means being adapted to eiect the transfer of pressure from each disc to the next succeeding disc as the discs are ruptured in succession, a stabber constructed and arranged to unseal the outermost disc and the remaining discs selectively in the order named, means settable at will to a selected setting corresponding to the depth of submergence at which a selected disc is adapted to be ruptured by the pressure of the surrounding water for actuating the stabber to a position in which all discs adapted to be ruptured by a higher order of value of pressure than the selected disc are unsealed thereby, an explosive charge arranged Within the casing, and means in communication with the last one of said discs and actuated by hydrostatic pressure for firing said explosive charge when said last one of said discs is ruptured.

CHARLES F. BOWERSETT.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 451,598 Malmstrom May 5, 1891 1,314,663 Huber Sept. 2, 1919 1,314,664 Huber Sept. 2, 1919 1,314,665 Huber Sept. 2, 1919 1,415,614 Sperry May 9, 1922 1,617,674 Dieter Feb. 15, 1927 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 112 Great Britain 1886 

